Brown spots on the skin, also known as pigment spots or hyperpigmentation, are common and can appear in various forms. These spots are caused by an overproduction of melanin, the skin pigment responsible for the coloring of the skin. Melanin is produced in special skin cells called melanocytes. When these cells produce more melanin than necessary or accumulate in certain areas of the skin, the characteristic dark spots appear. This overproduction can be triggered by various factors such as UV radiation, hormonal changes, inflammation or genetic predisposition. Below you will learn more about the causes and the best treatment options for pigment spots.
Causes of pigment spots
Pigment spots are caused by an overproduction of melanin in the skin, which is stimulated by various factors:
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Sun exposure: Long-term and intense sun exposure is the most common cause of pigment spots. UV rays stimulate the melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells of the skin, to produce more melanin, which leads to age spots or sun spots.
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Hormonal changes: Changes in hormone levels, such as those that occur during pregnancy (melasma) or when taking contraceptives, can lead to irregular melanin production.
- Age : As we age, the regeneration of skin cells slows down, which can lead to uneven melanin distribution. In addition, the skin's ability to break down or regulate melanin that has already been produced slows down with age. This promotes the formation of age spots, also known as lentigines.
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Inflammation and skin injuries: Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation occurs after skin injuries or inflammation, such as those caused by acne, abrasions or burns.
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Genetic predisposition: Some people are genetically predisposed to developing pigment spots such as freckles or café au lait spots.
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Drug effects: Certain medications can increase the skin's sensitivity to UV rays and thus contribute to the development of pigment spots.
Treatment options for pigment spots
There are numerous treatment options to reduce or eliminate pigment spots. Here are some of the most effective methods:
Sun protection: The most important step in preventing and reducing pigment spots is the regular use of sunscreen. A high sun protection factor (SPF) protects the skin from UV rays and prevents existing spots from getting worse and new ones from forming. Our Daily Protection SPF 30 protects against UVA, UVB, IR-A and blue light radiation with SPF 30. It helps prevent pigment spots and light-induced skin aging.
Skin lightening ingredients: Products containing vitamin C, retinoids and niacinamide help regulate melanin production and lighten existing spots
- Intense Retinol Complex : With 1% encapsulated retinol, it promotes skin renewal and reduces pigmentation disorders.
- Advanced Antioxidant Serum : Combination of vitamins C and E refines the complexion and reduces pigment irregularities.
- Intense Vitamin C Complex : 20% vitamin C improves the radiance of the skin and effectively reduces pigment spots.
- Firming Day Cream : 5% niacinamide promotes skin regeneration and helps reduce pigment spots.
Fruit acid peelings: A peeling with AHA Fruit acid complex removes the upper layers of skin and can help improve skin texture and reduce pigment spots. An effective product is the Creyan Exfoliating Peel Solution . This liquid peel with fruit acids (AHA) specifically targets pigment spots by removing dead skin cells and promoting skin renewal. When used regularly, it can reduce the visibility of pigment spots and ensure a more even skin tone.
Microdermabrasion: This method uses fine crystals to gently remove the top layer of skin. This makes the skin structure more even and the appearance of pigment spots can be visibly reduced. However, there are milder alternatives for home use such as the Creyan Scrub Cream , which has a similar effect but is gentler on the skin and does not require intensive mechanical abrasion.
Nutrition and Prevention
A healthy diet supports skin regeneration and can help reduce pigment spots and generally improve skin health.
- Foods rich in antioxidants: These protect the skin from free radicals. Vitamin C (oranges, peppers), vitamin E (nuts, vegetable oils) and beta-carotene (carrots, pumpkin) are particularly helpful.
- Skin-regenerating nutrients: Omega-3 fatty acids (fatty fish, chia seeds), zinc (meat, legumes) and selenium (Brazil nuts, fish) promote skin healing and renewal.
- Avoid inflammation promoters: Reduce sugar, processed foods and alcohol as they can promote inflammation.
- Hydration: Drink plenty of water to keep the skin hydrated and support regeneration.
A balanced diet with these nutrients can help reduce pigmentation spots and keep your skin healthy.
